本文使用中国科学院国家空间科学中心——子午工程朔州观测站的全天空气辉成像数据,以及FY-2气象卫星云顶亮温数据(Black Body Temperature,TBB),气象再分析数据和地闪数据,研究了2013年8月10日(LT)发生在内蒙古地区的雷暴活动激发的中...本文使用中国科学院国家空间科学中心——子午工程朔州观测站的全天空气辉成像数据,以及FY-2气象卫星云顶亮温数据(Black Body Temperature,TBB),气象再分析数据和地闪数据,研究了2013年8月10日(LT)发生在内蒙古地区的雷暴活动激发的中高层环状重力波(Concentric Gravity Waves,CGWs)事件.根据最小二乘法的拟合结果和色散关系理论曲线,确定了激发中高层环状重力波的强对流系统,该对流中心位于内蒙古自治区中部(108.9°E,40.47°N),重力波激发于雷暴初期,此时TBB低于220K的深对流面积较小,随着时间的推移,该次雷暴活动越来越强,深对流面积在23∶00达到最大,在23∶30—24∶00LT时闪电频数最高,达到120.7fl/min,随后深对流逐渐消散.在中高层87km处OH(羟基)气辉层观测到的一次CGWs事件的两组波纹,分别沿水平方向传播了149.64km和174.25km,相应位置处的水平波长分别为12.67km和16.75km,周期分别为8.56 min和10.72min,激发时间分别为19∶34LT和19∶40LT;随着水平传播距离的增加,CGWs水平波长增大.展开更多
<正>Metal layers are formed owing to the deposition of metal species, such as, Na, Fe, Ma, Si, Ca, and K, in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. The metal species come from the meteor ablations when me...<正>Metal layers are formed owing to the deposition of metal species, such as, Na, Fe, Ma, Si, Ca, and K, in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. The metal species come from the meteor ablations when meteors enter into the atmosphere (Plane, 1991). Among these species, Na can be easily detected by sodium lidar since it has enough abundance and large backward scattering cross-section. On the other hand, the chemical lifetime of the sodium layer is longer than展开更多
<正>The ionosphere is composed of a large number of electrons and ions, which are produced by the photoionization effect of the solar radiation on the neutral atmosphere. The altitude range of ionosphere is abou...<正>The ionosphere is composed of a large number of electrons and ions, which are produced by the photoionization effect of the solar radiation on the neutral atmosphere. The altitude range of ionosphere is about 60–1000 km and varies with local time and other factors (e.g., solar and geomagnetic activity). Although the ionosphere varies over multiply timescales, the diurnal variation is in the dominant position due to the sun’s photoionization effect. Consequently, it is expected that the ionospheric electron density increases from展开更多
In this report the research results by Chinese scientists in 2014—2016 are summarized.The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere,specifically the researches associated with ground-bas...In this report the research results by Chinese scientists in 2014—2016 are summarized.The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere,specifically the researches associated with ground-based observation capabihty development,dynamical processes,and properties of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.展开更多
A future Chinese mission is introduced to study the coupling between magnetosphere,ionosphere and thermosphere,i.e.the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Small Satellite Constellation(MIT).The scientific o...A future Chinese mission is introduced to study the coupling between magnetosphere,ionosphere and thermosphere,i.e.the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Small Satellite Constellation(MIT).The scientific objective of the mission is to focus on the outflow ions from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere.The constellation is planning to be composed of four small satellites;each small satellite has its own orbit and crosses the polar region at nearly the same time but at different altitude.The payloads onboard include particle detectors,electromagnetic payloads,auroral imagers and neutral atom imagers.With these payloads,the mission will be able to investigate acceleration mechanism of the upflow ions at different altitudes.Currently the orbits have been determined and prototypes of some have also been completed.Competition for next phase selection is scheduled in late 2015.展开更多
In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based ob...In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.展开更多
Using the method of Thorpe analysis,the TKE(turbulence kinematic energy)dissipation rate(ε)and turbulence diffusivity(K)were derived from the RS(radiosounding)measurements in the tropical oceanic upper troposphere.Th...Using the method of Thorpe analysis,the TKE(turbulence kinematic energy)dissipation rate(ε)and turbulence diffusivity(K)were derived from the RS(radiosounding)measurements in the tropical oceanic upper troposphere.The measurements were performed four times per day during two intense observation periods(May 5–25,and June 5–25)on the Kexue#1 scientific observation ship of SCSMEX(South China Sea Monsoon EXperiment)in 1998.There are three new features obtained from our analysis.First,the responses ofεand K to the onset of monsoon are negligible over the ocean at least for the data used here.Second,the temporal variations ofεand K are in a similar manner and exhibit strong diurnal variations.The diurnal variations achieve their maxima in the morning(08 LT)and early afternoon(14 LT),and achieve their minima in the evening(20 LT)and early morning hours(02 LT).The diurnal variations of turbulence parameters(εand K)and their responses to the onset of monsoon are entirely different from those derived over land at similar latitudes.Finally,although the correlations between the variations ofεand MCSs(mesoscale convective systems),which were derived from TRMM(tropical rainfall measuring mission)satellite,are not very well in only few days,the diurnal variations ofεaveraged over May and June are strongly correlated with the diurnal variations of MCSs with correlation factors of 0.79 and 0.94,respectively.This indicates that the turbulence and its diurnal variations over the tropic oceanic upper stratosphere region are highly related to the MCSs.展开更多
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories and National Space Science Center-135 (Sounding Rocket Project) National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40774081 & 2011CB811404)+2 种基金 Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZZD-EW-01-2) Chinese Academy of Science Fellowship for Young International Scientist Grant(Grant No.2010Y1GB3) Chinese Academy of Sciences-The Third World Academy of Sciences (CAS-TWAS) Fellowship for Postdoctoral and Visiting Scholar(Grant No. 201377GB0001)
基金We are extremely grateful to the SABER/TIMED science team for providing temperature, pressure, and density data (available at http://saber.gats-inc.com/) utilized in this study. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41274]53 & 41331069), the National Important Basic Research Project of China (Grant No. 2011CB811405) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-01-2). The project was also supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories. The computations were performed by Numerical Forecast Modelling R&D and VR System of State Key Lab. of Space Weather and Special HPC work stand of Chinese Meridian Project.
文摘<正>Metal layers are formed owing to the deposition of metal species, such as, Na, Fe, Ma, Si, Ca, and K, in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. The metal species come from the meteor ablations when meteors enter into the atmosphere (Plane, 1991). Among these species, Na can be easily detected by sodium lidar since it has enough abundance and large backward scattering cross-section. On the other hand, the chemical lifetime of the sodium layer is longer than
文摘<正>The ionosphere is composed of a large number of electrons and ions, which are produced by the photoionization effect of the solar radiation on the neutral atmosphere. The altitude range of ionosphere is about 60–1000 km and varies with local time and other factors (e.g., solar and geomagnetic activity). Although the ionosphere varies over multiply timescales, the diurnal variation is in the dominant position due to the sun’s photoionization effect. Consequently, it is expected that the ionospheric electron density increases from
基金Acknowledgement Thank to Dr. Ling Chao from the CAS/IAP for his effort on text compilation.
文摘In this report the research results by Chinese scientists in 2014—2016 are summarized.The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere,specifically the researches associated with ground-based observation capabihty development,dynamical processes,and properties of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Progr
文摘A future Chinese mission is introduced to study the coupling between magnetosphere,ionosphere and thermosphere,i.e.the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Small Satellite Constellation(MIT).The scientific objective of the mission is to focus on the outflow ions from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere.The constellation is planning to be composed of four small satellites;each small satellite has its own orbit and crosses the polar region at nearly the same time but at different altitude.The payloads onboard include particle detectors,electromagnetic payloads,auroral imagers and neutral atom imagers.With these payloads,the mission will be able to investigate acceleration mechanism of the upflow ions at different altitudes.Currently the orbits have been determined and prototypes of some have also been completed.Competition for next phase selection is scheduled in late 2015.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-01-2), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41331069, 41274153), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB811405) and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of China. The computations were performed by Numerical Forecast Modelling R&D and VR System of State Key Lab. of Space Weather and Special HPC workstand of Chinese Meridian Project.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41264006), the China Postdoctoral Sci- ence Foundation (Grant No. 20110490609), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (Grant Nos. 413127, 20154191). This work is also partially supported by the National Natural Science Founda- tion of China (Grant Nos. 40905012, 41174129). We acknowledge the use of data from the Chinese Meridian Project supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories.
文摘In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.
基金This work was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-O1-2) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41004063, 41374158, 41229001 and 41331069), and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB811405). This work was also supported in part by the Specialized Research Fund and the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Space Weather. We thank Professor PAUL Ciesielski at Colorado State Univer- sity for providing the RS data, and NASA's Goddard DAAC for TRMM data. The computations were performed by Numerical Forecast Modeling R&D and VR System of State Key Lab. of Space Weather and Special HPC Workstand of Chinese Meridian Project. We acknowledge the use of data from the Chinese Meridian Project.
文摘Using the method of Thorpe analysis,the TKE(turbulence kinematic energy)dissipation rate(ε)and turbulence diffusivity(K)were derived from the RS(radiosounding)measurements in the tropical oceanic upper troposphere.The measurements were performed four times per day during two intense observation periods(May 5–25,and June 5–25)on the Kexue#1 scientific observation ship of SCSMEX(South China Sea Monsoon EXperiment)in 1998.There are three new features obtained from our analysis.First,the responses ofεand K to the onset of monsoon are negligible over the ocean at least for the data used here.Second,the temporal variations ofεand K are in a similar manner and exhibit strong diurnal variations.The diurnal variations achieve their maxima in the morning(08 LT)and early afternoon(14 LT),and achieve their minima in the evening(20 LT)and early morning hours(02 LT).The diurnal variations of turbulence parameters(εand K)and their responses to the onset of monsoon are entirely different from those derived over land at similar latitudes.Finally,although the correlations between the variations ofεand MCSs(mesoscale convective systems),which were derived from TRMM(tropical rainfall measuring mission)satellite,are not very well in only few days,the diurnal variations ofεaveraged over May and June are strongly correlated with the diurnal variations of MCSs with correlation factors of 0.79 and 0.94,respectively.This indicates that the turbulence and its diurnal variations over the tropic oceanic upper stratosphere region are highly related to the MCSs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40804037 40890165 and 40921063) the Chinese Meridian Project the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories