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高速公路路侧危险度评估模型 预览
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作者 黄煜镔 兰兴阳 +1 位作者 魏治国 石红星 《重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第10期102-107,共6页
定量评价高速公路路侧危险度对解决高速公路安全防护设施不足或过剩问题以及制定安全改善方案具有重要的意义。通过研究将影响高速公路路侧安全性的因素概括为3个层次:事故潜在风险、事故暴露风险以及事故严重度风险,并基于路段的运行... 定量评价高速公路路侧危险度对解决高速公路安全防护设施不足或过剩问题以及制定安全改善方案具有重要的意义。通过研究将影响高速公路路侧安全性的因素概括为3个层次:事故潜在风险、事故暴露风险以及事故严重度风险,并基于路段的运行速度对事故严重度风险进行修正的基础上提出高速公路路侧危险度评估模型。利用该模型评估高速公路实际工程中的路侧危险度,实例分析表明评估模型有效合理。 展开更多
关键词 交通工程 路侧 危险度 潜在风险 暴露风险 严重度风险 运行速度
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互联网金融风险与防控
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作者 康宁 蒋东辉 《辽宁工程技术大学学报:社会科学版》 2019年第1期52-55,共4页
针对互联网金融风险防控问题,采用归纳分析的方法,分析了现阶段网络金融行业主要存在的监管风险,信用风险和内控风险,提出规范秩序,完善监管;加强风险防控能力;大力发展大数据,合理利用区块链技术等建议来促进互联网金融行业的持续、健... 针对互联网金融风险防控问题,采用归纳分析的方法,分析了现阶段网络金融行业主要存在的监管风险,信用风险和内控风险,提出规范秩序,完善监管;加强风险防控能力;大力发展大数据,合理利用区块链技术等建议来促进互联网金融行业的持续、健康的发展。 展开更多
关键词 金融 互联网金融 风险 信用风险 内控风险
互联网金融背景下大学生金融风险及其防范对策的探讨 预览 被引量：2
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作者 程未 《长春金融高等专科学校学报》 2019年第1期14-17,24共5页
随着互联网金融的快速发展,第三方支付、P2P网贷等互联网金融服务在大学校园迅速传播,大学生所面临的金融风险在不断加大。个人信息泄露、财产损失、学业荒废甚至违法犯罪,大学生由于互联网金融而引发的一系列不幸事件使我们不得不重视... 随着互联网金融的快速发展,第三方支付、P2P网贷等互联网金融服务在大学校园迅速传播,大学生所面临的金融风险在不断加大。个人信息泄露、财产损失、学业荒废甚至违法犯罪,大学生由于互联网金融而引发的一系列不幸事件使我们不得不重视大学生金融风险问题。引导学生在合理接受互联网金融服务、提高自身生活品质的同时,正确认识并规避相应的金融风险是高校教育必须长期面对的一个问题。 展开更多
关键词 大学生 互联网金融 风险 防范
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广东省农村拆旧复垦模式风险分析 预览
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作者 邓婷 吴家龙 《广东土地科学》 2019年第2期19-23,共5页
通过对广东省农村闲置建设用地进行拆旧复垦,能够有效地解决现行土地管理中城市建设用地不足和农村集体建设用地浪费的矛盾。考虑到目前拆旧复垦模式仍处于探索阶段,因此,在农民、政府、农用地监管及相关政策的冲突方面存在着一定的风... 通过对广东省农村闲置建设用地进行拆旧复垦,能够有效地解决现行土地管理中城市建设用地不足和农村集体建设用地浪费的矛盾。考虑到目前拆旧复垦模式仍处于探索阶段,因此,在农民、政府、农用地监管及相关政策的冲突方面存在着一定的风险。本文对相关风险进行了分析并提出了相关的防控措施,以期为广东省以及其他地区拆旧复垦工作提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 拆旧 复垦 存在风险 风险防控
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The New Approach for Risk Regulation in Banks 预览
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作者 Daniela Feschiyan Radka Andasarova 《中国经济评论:英文版》 2019年第1期30-36,共7页
The purpose of this report is to present the necessity of proceeding to new reforms in bank regulation and to increase the stability and risk sensitivity of the capital base under applying the Standardised Credit Risk... The purpose of this report is to present the necessity of proceeding to new reforms in bank regulation and to increase the stability and risk sensitivity of the capital base under applying the Standardised Credit Risk Assessment Approach (SCRA) in banks. The dynamics in the bank regulation and supervision of credit risk assessment approaches are explored. In the paper, a thorough theoretical-methodological and historical-logical analysis was made of the evolution of the development and chronology of the global regulatory frameworks for banks—Basel 1, Basel 2, and Basel 3. The contemporary projections and challenges for the banks’ management under the new regulatory and institutional changes are presented. The SCRA is a positive asset in bank capital regulation in contemporary banking. The revisions to the regulatory framework by Basel 3 are a long continuous process influenced by numerous economic, social, and political factors. The preparation of the Bulgarian banking system for a new reform of financial regulation is analyzed. The need for adoption of a new risk-based approach for capital assessment and the importance of transparency in bank financial reporting is proved. 展开更多
关键词 BASEL Committee on BANKING Supervision (BCBS) standardised APPROACH (SA) credit RISK bank EXPOSURES risk-weighted assets (RWA)
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Biomarkers enhance the long-term predictive ability of the KAMIR risk score in Chinese patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
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作者 Jian-Jun Wang Yan Fan +5 位作者 Yan Zhu Jian-Dong Zhang Su-Mei Zhang Zhao-Fei Wan Hong-Ling Su Na Jiang 《中华医学杂志:英文版》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第1期30-41,共12页
Background:The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is recommended by current ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guidelines.But it has inherent defects.The present study aimed to investigate ... Background:The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is recommended by current ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guidelines.But it has inherent defects.The present study aimed to investigate the more compatible risk stratification for Chinese patients with STEMI and to determine whether the addition of biomarkers to the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) score could enhance its predictive value for long-term outcomes.Methods:A total of 1093 consecutive STEMI patients were included and followed up 48.2 months.Homocysteine,hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected.The KAMIR score and the GRACE score were calculated.The performance between the KAMIR and the GRACE was compared.The predictive power of the KAMIR alone and combined with biomarkers were assessed by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The KAMIR demonstrated a better risk stratification and predictive ability than the GRACE (death:AUC = 0.802 vs.0.721,P<0.001;major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE):AUC = 0.683 vs.0.656,P<0.001).It showed that the biomarkers could independently predict death [homocysteine:HR= 1.019 (1.015–1.024),P<0.001;hs-CRP:HR= 1.052 (1.000–1.104),P= 0.018;NT-pro BNP:HR= 1.142 (1.004–1.280),P= 0.021] and MACE [homocysteine:HR= 1.019 (1.015–1.024),P<0.001;hs-CRP:HR= 1.012 (1.003–1.021),P= 0.020;NT-pro BNP:HR= 1.136 (1.104–1.168),P= 0.006].When they were used in combination with the KAMIR,the area under the ROC curve (AUC) significantly increased for death [homocysteine:AUC = 0.802 vs.0.890,Z = 5.982,P<0.001;hs-CRP:AUC = 0.802 vs.0.873,Z= 3.721,P<0.001;NT-pro BNP:AUC= 0.802 vs.0.871,Z = 2.187,P= 0.047;homocysteine,hs-CRP and NT-pro BNP:AUC = 0.802 vs.0.940,Z = 6.177,P<0.001] and MACE [homocysteine:AUC = 0.683 vs.0.771,Z= 6.818,P<0.001;hs-CRP:AUC= 0.683 vs.0.712,Z= 2.022,P= 0.031;NT-pro BNP:AUC= 0.683 vs.0.720,Z= 2.974,P= 0.003;homocysteine,hs-CRP and NT-pro BNP:AUC= 0.683 vs.0.789,Z= 6.900, 展开更多
关键词 ST-elevation MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION the Korea ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REGISTRY RISK SCORE the Global REGISTRY of ACUTE Coronary Events RISK SCORE homocysteine hypersensitive C-reactive protein N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
后迟滞型风险沟通及其精准治理 预览
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作者 吴长剑 《吉首大学学报:社会科学版》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第6期99-107,共9页
随着“外部风险”被“人为风险”替代和主导,西方发达国家积极推动传统风险沟通向现代风险沟通转变。后发国家在全球化风险和本地化风险双重冲击下,呈现出迟滞型风险沟通。我国互联网新媒体浪涌式发展,催化了风险沟通主体与互联网新媒... 随着“外部风险”被“人为风险”替代和主导,西方发达国家积极推动传统风险沟通向现代风险沟通转变。后发国家在全球化风险和本地化风险双重冲击下,呈现出迟滞型风险沟通。我国互联网新媒体浪涌式发展,催化了风险沟通主体与互联网新媒体手段产生“粘合”及“轮推作用”,迟滞型风险沟通由此向后迟滞型风险沟通嬗变。透过转基因食品风险辩论案例交互机制,发现后迟滞型风险沟通存在“局部性突破”和“局部性落差”双重不确定性效果。为此,可通过主动预防型理念、“共同体”结构、“多速整合”机制、“互联网+”手段、政府职能的“五位一体”再造,实现对后迟滞型风险沟通不良后果的精准治理。 展开更多
关键词 风险 风险社会 后迟滞型风险沟通 轮推作用 转基因食品 精准治理
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基于AHP的交行阜新分行内部控制制度有效性分析
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作者 刘春刚 《辽宁工程技术大学学报:社会科学版》 2019年第3期217-223,共7页
针对内部控制制度有效性问题,采用层次分析法和模糊评价法对交通银行阜新分行内部控制制度进行分析,在内部控制指引5要素的基础上建立了评价指标体系,利用层次分析法进行权重处理,阜新分行的内部控制制度能有效地防范公司的经营风险,但... 针对内部控制制度有效性问题,采用层次分析法和模糊评价法对交通银行阜新分行内部控制制度进行分析,在内部控制指引5要素的基础上建立了评价指标体系,利用层次分析法进行权重处理,阜新分行的内部控制制度能有效地防范公司的经营风险,但在风险识别、风险应对和资产处置等方面控制薄弱,需要有针对性的改进。 展开更多
关键词 内部控制 控制环境 风险 风险评估 层次分析法
Predicting systemic spread in early colorectal cancer: Can we do better? 预览
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作者 Scarlet Fiona Brockmoeller Nicholas Paul West 《世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版》 SCIE CAS 2019年第23期2887-2897,共11页
Through the implementation of national bowel cancer screening programmes we have seen a three-fold increase in early pT1 colorectal cancers, but how these lesions should be managed is currently unclear. Local excision... Through the implementation of national bowel cancer screening programmes we have seen a three-fold increase in early pT1 colorectal cancers, but how these lesions should be managed is currently unclear. Local excision can be an attractive option, especially for fragile patients with multiple comorbidities, but it is only safe from an oncological point of view in the absence of lymph node metastasis. Patient risk stratification through careful analysis of histopathological features in local excision or polypectomy specimens should be performed according to national guidelines to avoid under-or over-treatment. Currently national guidelines vary in their recommendations as to which factors should be routinely reported and there is no established multivariate risk stratification model to determine which patients should be offered major resectional surgery.Conventional histopathological parameters such as tumour grading or lymphovascular invasion have been shown to be predictive of lymph node metastasis in a number of studies but the inter-and intra-observer variation in reporting is high. Newer parameters including tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters have been shown to have great potential, but again some improvement in the inter-observer variation is required. With the implementation of digital pathology into clinical practice, quantitative parameters like depth/area of submucosal invasion and proportion of stroma can be routinely assessed. In this review we present the various histopathological risk factors for predicting systemic spread in pT1 colorectal cancer and introduce potential novel quantitative variables and multivariable risk models that could be used to better define the optimal treatment of this increasingly common disease. 展开更多
关键词 Early colorectal CANCER Bowel CANCER screening Local RESECTION Major RESECTION Morphological RISK factors Conventional HISTOPATHOLOGY PARAMETERS Novel HISTOPATHOLOGY PARAMETERS RISK STRATIFICATION models Digital pathology
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人工智能技术风险规避探析 预览
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作者 闫坤如 马少卿 《长沙理工大学学报:社会科学版》 2019年第4期7-12,共6页
随着人工智能日渐融入人类生活,人工智能的发展引发了学者的普遍关注,特别是人工智能技术引发的风险问题。人工智能给人类社会生活带来便利的同时,也可能引发隐私泄露风险、人的主体性地位丧失的风险以及带来新的社会风险。为了应对人... 随着人工智能日渐融入人类生活,人工智能的发展引发了学者的普遍关注,特别是人工智能技术引发的风险问题。人工智能给人类社会生活带来便利的同时,也可能引发隐私泄露风险、人的主体性地位丧失的风险以及带来新的社会风险。为了应对人工智能及智能技术的发展带来的各种问题,应该从规制隐私泄露、避免人的主体性地位丧失以及维护社会的安全与稳定等视角思考风险规避路径。 展开更多
关键词 人工智能 风险 社会风险 道德嵌入
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医院全面风险管理体系构建分析 预览
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作者 盛永娇 和静淑 黄炜 《中国医药导报》 CAS 2019年第14期169-172,共4页
社会经济的不断发展使人民群众的健康意识不断提高,对医疗服务的要求也日益增加。随着医疗体制改革的持续推进,公立医院面临的风险越来越多,也越来越复杂。医院内部控制体系的建立已有一定基础,随着国家对建立健全现代医院管理制度试点... 社会经济的不断发展使人民群众的健康意识不断提高,对医疗服务的要求也日益增加。随着医疗体制改革的持续推进,公立医院面临的风险越来越多,也越来越复杂。医院内部控制体系的建立已有一定基础,随着国家对建立健全现代医院管理制度试点的开展,对现代医院管理提出了更高的要求,实施全面风险管理势在必然。本文以G中医医院为例,对其现有的风险管理现状进行分析。该医院在内部控制方面既取得了一定的成绩——建立了内部控制体系职能组织和内部控制体系框架基本完成,也存在一定的问题,如全面风险管理意识薄弱、内部控制体系未充分发挥作用等。笔者借鉴企业全面风险管理的经验对其构建全面风险管理体系提出了建立环境形成独特的风险管理文化、建立全面风险管理体系组织体系、建立风险管理信息系统等相关建议。 展开更多
关键词 医院 风险 全面风险管理 体系构建
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河北省雷电灾害风险区划研究 预览
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作者 陈柳彤 龙爽 +4 位作者 俞海洋 李倩 陈笑娟 王瑛 许映军 《灾害学》 CSCD 北大核心 2019年第3期189-195,共7页
河北省雷电灾害频发,造成重大损失,引发社会大量关注,2017年中国气象局发布了雷电灾害区划技术指南。雄安新区雷电灾害风险区划可以为新区发展规划提供参考。依据自然灾害分析原理,参照雷电灾害区划技术指南,选用致灾因子危险性和承灾... 河北省雷电灾害频发,造成重大损失,引发社会大量关注,2017年中国气象局发布了雷电灾害区划技术指南。雄安新区雷电灾害风险区划可以为新区发展规划提供参考。依据自然灾害分析原理,参照雷电灾害区划技术指南,选用致灾因子危险性和承灾体易损性为分析因子,利用2010-2016年河北省闪电定位网观测数据、地理信息数据及社会经济数据,选取地闪密度、地闪强度、土壤电导率、海拔高度以及地形起伏5个指标分析致灾因子的危险性,人口密度、GDP密度、防护能力以及城镇化率4个指标分析承灾体的易损性。通过计算雷电灾害风险指数,运用自然断点法,最终得到河北省雷电灾害风险区划。河北省雷电灾害高风险区分布于唐山市东南部、石家庄市、沧州市中东部、承德市东南部、张家口市西南部。雄安新区在进行雷电灾害防治时应重点关注容城县和雄县。该区划结果与河北省2015-2017年雷灾实际造成的经济损失状况大致相符。 展开更多
关键词 河北省 雷电灾害 危险性 脆弱性 风险区划 雄安新区
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The Self-inspections(Internal Audits)Process as a Part of the Pharmaceutical Quality System:Formation of a Risk-Based Approach to Internal Audits Planning 预览
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作者 Valeriy Nikityuk Tetiana Karamavrova V.Lebedynets 《药剂与药理学:英文版》 2019年第7期385-397,共13页
The quality system of any modern pharmaceutical company is the pharmaceutical quality system(PQS),which extends the GMP standards to all stages of the medicinal productslife cycle,from pharmaceutical development to it... The quality system of any modern pharmaceutical company is the pharmaceutical quality system(PQS),which extends the GMP standards to all stages of the medicinal productslife cycle,from pharmaceutical development to its withdrawal from production.The principal difference between PQS and GxP rules from other quality systems is that the medicinal product,its safety and efficacy is put at the forefront.At the same time,PQS implies a process approach to all components that should be aimed at achieving the main goal—ensuring and guaranteeing the quality of the medicinal product for the end user(patient)—and should be based on the quality risk management system.An integral part of PQS,as well as the GxP rules adopted in the European Union and PIC/S,is a process for self-inspections and/or quality audits,which regularly appraises the effectiveness and applicability of the PQS.This publication is dedicated to the definition of self-inspections(internal audits)as one of the PQS’s processes.The article defines the main standard stages and develops a model of a risk-based approach to the self-inspections’planning in relation to processes of the pharmaceutical quality system. 展开更多
关键词 Medicinal products PQS Self-inspection internal audit quality RISK management risk-based APPROACH
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风险型经济犯罪的产生原因及打防对策研究 预览
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作者 安凯 《北京警察学院学报》 2019年第3期91-96,共6页
风险型经济犯罪是公安部继提出涉众型经济犯罪概念后的又一新创概念,该类犯罪容易引起金融秩序混乱、加剧系统性金融风险,造成群体性事件影响社会稳定,进而危害政权稳定和党政威望。针对此类犯罪,公安机关应建立风险预警机制实现主动侦... 风险型经济犯罪是公安部继提出涉众型经济犯罪概念后的又一新创概念,该类犯罪容易引起金融秩序混乱、加剧系统性金融风险,造成群体性事件影响社会稳定,进而危害政权稳定和党政威望。针对此类犯罪,公安机关应建立风险预警机制实现主动侦查,加强情报信息研判,运用资金查控技术做到对涉案资金的梳理与控制,注重调查取证,加强协作综合打击。在打击的同时,要采取行业风险排查和市场监管,社区警务宣传,舆情引导民众,联动联管立体防控,加强维稳工作等措施防范风险的发生。 展开更多
关键词 风险 风险型经济犯罪 打防对策
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Econometric modeling of risk measures: A selective review of the recent literature 预览
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作者 TIAN Ding-shi CAI Zong-wu FANG Ying 《高校应用数学学报:英文版(B辑)》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期205-228,共24页
Since the financial crisis in 2008, the risk measures which are the core of risk management, have received increasing attention among economists and practitioners. In this review, the concentration is on recent develo... Since the financial crisis in 2008, the risk measures which are the core of risk management, have received increasing attention among economists and practitioners. In this review, the concentration is on recent developments in the estimation of the most popular risk measures, namely, value at risk (VaR), expected shortfall (ES), and expectile. After introducing the concept of risk measures, the focus is on discussion and comparison of their econometric modeling. Then, parametric and nonparametric estimations of tail dependence are investigated. Finally, we conclude with insights into future research directions. 展开更多
关键词 Expectile EXPECTED Shortfall Network RISK NONPARAMETRIC Estimation TAIL DEPENDENCE Value at RISK
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Do significant risk warnings in annual reports increase corporate bond credit spreads? Evidence from China
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作者 Xi Gao Xiongyuan Wang Furong Tian 《中国会计学刊:英文版》 2019年第2期191-208,共18页
Based on listed companies issuing bonds on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2017, this study analyzes the relationship between significant risk warnings in Chinese companies’ annual reports and ... Based on listed companies issuing bonds on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2017, this study analyzes the relationship between significant risk warnings in Chinese companies’ annual reports and corporate bond credit spreads. The main findings are as follows. First, in the Chinese market, ‘‘substantial warnings of significant risks' can significantly improve corporate bond credit spreads, reflecting the risk-warning effect;second,state-owned property rights weaken this effect, which only pertains to listed companies with poor risk management and low information quality;third, significant risk warnings increase investors’ heterogeneous beliefs, also affecting credit spreads;and fourth, through textual analysis, it is found that the corporate bond credit spread is greater when the disclosed risk factors are more pessimistic and less similar to those of the previous year. The findings of this paper help to enrich the literature on credit spreads and risk disclosure. 展开更多
关键词 RISK DISCLOSURE RISK WARNING CREDIT SPREADS
Histological and clinical evaluation of marginal donor kidneys before transplantation:Which is best? 预览
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作者 Maurizio Salvadori Aris Tsalouchos 《世界移植杂志》 2019年第4期62-80,共19页
Organ shortage represents one of the major limitations to the development of kidney transplantation.To increase the donor pool and to answer the ever increasing kidney request,physicians are recurring to marginal kidn... Organ shortage represents one of the major limitations to the development of kidney transplantation.To increase the donor pool and to answer the ever increasing kidney request,physicians are recurring to marginal kidneys as kidneys from older donors,from hypertensive or diabetic donors and from nonheart beating donors.These kidneys are known to have frequently a worse outcome in the recipients.To date major problem is to evaluate such kidneys in order to use or to discard them before transplantation.The use of such kidneys create other relevant question as whether to use them as single or dual transplant and to allocate them fairly according transplant programs.The pre-transplant histological evaluation,the clinical evaluation of the donor or both the criteria joined has been used and according the time each criterion prevailed over the others.Aim of this review has been to examine the advantages and the drawbacks of any criterion and how they have changed with time.To date any criterion has several limitations and several authors have argued for the development of new guidelines in the field of the kidney evaluation for transplantation.Several authors argue that the use of omic technologies should improve the organ evaluation and studies are ongoing to evaluate these technologies either in the donor urine or in the biopsies taken before transplantation. 展开更多
关键词 KIDNEY EVALUATION Pre-transplant BIOPSIES KIDNEY DONOR EVALUATION KIDNEY RISK profile index Omic technologies Deceased DONOR SCORE DONOR RISK SCORE
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Challenges in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction and Stratifi cation in Women 预览
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作者 Sonia Henry,MD Rachel Bond,MD +2 位作者 Stacey Rosen,MD Cindy Grines,MD Jennifer Mieres,MD 《心血管创新与应用》 2019年第B02期329-348,共20页
There has been an appropriate focus,since the turn of the 21 st century,on sex-and gender-specifi c cardiovascular disease(CVD)as increasing evidence suggests that there are substantial differences in the risk factor ... There has been an appropriate focus,since the turn of the 21 st century,on sex-and gender-specifi c cardiovascular disease(CVD)as increasing evidence suggests that there are substantial differences in the risk factor profi le,social and environmental factors,clinical presentation,diagnosis,and treatment of ischemic heart disease in women compared with men.As a result of increased awareness,detection,and treatment of ischemic heart disease in women,there has been signifi cant reduction(greater than 30%)in cardiovascular mortality,and in 2013,more US men than US women died of CVD.Nevertheless,continued efforts are required as CVD remains the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and death of women in the Western world,and in women younger than 55 years there has been a rise in cardiovascular mortality.In this article,we review several of the contributing factors that continue to cause challenges in accurate risk prediction and risk stratifi cation in women. 展开更多
关键词 SEX and GENDER DISPARITY RISK prediction RISK stratifi CATION ISCHEMIC heart disease
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保险人危险承担义务的具体内容和实现机制 预览
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作者 马天柱 《西安电子科技大学学报:社会科学版》 2019年第1期65-71,共7页
在财务意义和法律逻辑上,可以将保险人主要合同义务界定为危险承担,即承接并持续性地担负由被保险人处移转过来的特定危险,担负由特定的损失可能性导致的财务不稳定状态,在保险责任期间内依时序推进代为承受每一时点可能损失的现实结果... 在财务意义和法律逻辑上,可以将保险人主要合同义务界定为危险承担,即承接并持续性地担负由被保险人处移转过来的特定危险,担负由特定的损失可能性导致的财务不稳定状态,在保险责任期间内依时序推进代为承受每一时点可能损失的现实结果。危险承担义务的适当履行,在首要和基础意义上要求保险人能有效地确立和维持一种状态,还要求保险人保持足够的偿付能力水平,事故致损后则要求保险人及时充分地履行财产性给付。危险承担义务的有效设定和实际履行,存在于所有保险合同关系推进过程中,与保费支付义务构成对价支持和对待给付,在实质意义上增强了保险合同权义结构的确定性,也有利于从新的角度理解保险法的重要原则和规则设置。 展开更多
关键词 保险 危险 危险承担 义务 状态
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温州市学龄期儿童孤独症谱系障碍的患病情况调查 预览
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作者 梁莉丹 项炳武 +4 位作者 刘伊甸 刘婵 涂丰霞 汤行录 陈翔 《浙江医学》 CAS 2019年第16期1722-1726,共5页
目的探讨温州市学龄期儿童孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的患病情况,为孤独症的三级预防工作提供现实参考依据。方法采用随机整群收样的方法,抽取温州市2个城区内户籍所在的6~12岁儿童共13 987名,使用社会行为和沟通能力筛查量表(ASRS)问卷筛查... 目的探讨温州市学龄期儿童孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的患病情况,为孤独症的三级预防工作提供现实参考依据。方法采用随机整群收样的方法,抽取温州市2个城区内户籍所在的6~12岁儿童共13 987名,使用社会行为和沟通能力筛查量表(ASRS)问卷筛查出可疑ASD患儿,再运用精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-V)、孤独症诊断观察量表(ADOS)、孤独症诊断访谈量表(ADI-R)及韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-R)对被试儿童进行诊断和评估,统计分析得出患病情况。结果(1)本样本患病率为1.78‰,确诊男21例,女4例,男女比例为5.25颐1;(2)多动症、智力发育障碍、癫痫及胃肠道功能障碍是ASD的主要共患病;其次,社交恐怖、恶劣心境、躁狂发作、广场恐怖、特定恐怖症、对立违抗障碍、睡眠障碍、离别性焦虑障碍、品行障碍及精神病性障碍等也是ASD的常见共患病;(3)困难抚养型气质、父母亲生育年龄大、孕期接触杀虫剂、儿童排便控制时间晚等是ASD患病的高危因素。结论温州市6~12岁学龄期儿童ASD患病率与国内外报道相当,应关注具有ASD发病高危因素的儿童,分析出的ASD患病相关因素可以为孕期保健工作和特殊教育工作者提供建设性意见。 展开更多
关键词 孤独症谱系障碍 患病率 共患病 危险因素
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