In the new century, the traditional model of enterprise human resource management is facing the challenge of the times, improving the human resource management of enterprises, and must innovate the concept of enterpri...In the new century, the traditional model of enterprise human resource management is facing the challenge of the times, improving the human resource management of enterprises, and must innovate the concept of enterprise human resource management. After the 1950s, some economists established the theory of human capital, not only can more effectively explain the problems of modern social economic growth, but also on the enterprise's human resources management contribution to a positive impact. This paper introduces the concept of human capital and human capital investment into enterprise human resource management, which opens up a new perspective for enterprise human resource management. In this paper, we will first define the characteristics of human capital and the main body of human capital investment, and then analyze the meaning of various human resource management behaviors from the perspective of capital investment, estimate their benefits, costs and risks, and finally use scientific means to establish investment decision model and risk control mechanism, to maximize the effectiveness of human resources, so that the management behavior of enterprise's human can bring more revenue for the enterprises, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. At present, the scientific operation of human resources is the key to the healthy development of enterprises.展开更多
In maritime industry, personnel’s training is considered by shipping companies as a top priority matter on the list of factors affecting competitiveness in operating vessels. This paper presents the importance and th...In maritime industry, personnel’s training is considered by shipping companies as a top priority matter on the list of factors affecting competitiveness in operating vessels. This paper presents the importance and the effects of training Electro-Technical Experts in the context of latest developments, particularly the advent of the “Electric Ship” and the “Communicative Ship” analyzing the feedback received from several relevant two-days seminars for “Ship Electrical and Electronic Systems for Electro-Technical Officers”, in North East European countries. The pre-test and post-test self assessment method that has been used for more efficient interaction between trainers and trainees is analyzed using t-statistics. The attendees have had diverse basic backgrounds, yet company experts Fleet Engineers on merchant or war ships. The training’s effectiveness and gain is discussed in this paper and further proposals for the Electrical and Electronic training are presented through the valuable feedback for improvement.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were all...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were allocated into either the intermittent sprint training group(n = 7)or the plyometric training group(n = 7).The preliminary tests required subjects to perform a treadmill graded exercise test,a countermovement jump test for peak power measurement,and a 10-km time trial.Training included 12 sessions of either intermittent sprint or plyometric training carried out twice per week.On completion of the intervention,post-tests were conducted.Results:Both groups showed significant reduction in weekly training mileage from pre-intervention during the intervention period.There were significant improvements in the 10-km time trial performance and peak power.There was also significant improvement in relative peak power for both groups.The 10-km time trial performance and relative peak power showed a moderate inverse correlation.Conclusion:These findings showed that both intermittent sprint and plyometric training resulted in improved 10-km running performance despite reduction in training mileage.The improvement in running performance was accompanied by an improvement in peak power and showed an inverse relationship with relative peak power.展开更多
Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital modality with primarily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for numerous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly stee...Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital modality with primarily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for numerous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly steeper learning curve than that for other standard gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy, due to greater technical difficulty and higher risk of complications. Yet, GI fellows have limited exposure to ERCP during standard-three-year-GI-fellowships because ERCP is much less frequently performed than esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy. This led to adding an optional year of training in therapeutic endoscopy. Yet many graduates from standard three-year-fellowships without advanced training intensely pursue independent/unsupervised ERCP privileges despite inadequate numbers of performed ERCPs and unacceptably low rates of successful selective cannulation of desired(biliary or pancreatic) duct. Hospital credentialing committees have traditionally performed ERCP credentialing, but this practice has led to widespread flouting of recommended guidelines(e.g., planned privileging of applicant with 20% successful cannulation rate, or after performing only 7 ERCPs);and intense politicking of committee members by applicants, their practice groups, and potential competitors. Consequently, some gastroenterologists upon completing standard fellowships train and learn ERCP 'on the job' during independent/unsupervised practice, which can result in bad outcomes: high rates of failed bile duct cannulation. This severe clinical problem is indicated by publication of ≥ 12 ERCP competency studies/guidelines during last 5 years. However, lack of mandatory, quantitative, ERCP credentialing criteria has permitted neglect of recommended guidelines. This work comprehensively reviews literature on ERCP credentialing;reviews rationales for proposed guidelines;reports problems with current system;and proposes novel criteria for competency. This work advocates for mandatory, national展开更多
Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various co...Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.展开更多
Purpose:In medical colleges,reside nt training programs must provide adequate surgical experiences,making them qualified at the end of residency program.It is generally believed that it would take more time for a surg...Purpose:In medical colleges,reside nt training programs must provide adequate surgical experiences,making them qualified at the end of residency program.It is generally believed that it would take more time for a surgical resident to perform surgical procedures than a board-certified surgeon.There is no current benchmark w让h regards to operative time and surgical cases involving orthopedic surgery residents.In this study,we focused on two key aspects of surgical training variables,namely,surgical duration&C-arm shoots when the procedure is done by a faculty surgeon in comparison to done by an orthopedic reside nt under supervision of faculty surgeon.Methods:It is an observational prospective study,we observed patients undergoing 1 of 5 common orthopedic trauma operations in a community teaching hospital.We recorded two variables,'skin to'skin surgical duration&number of image intensifier television/C-arm shoots of faculty surgeons and orthopedic resident(postgraduate-3yr)under supervision of faculty surgeon.We calculated mean difference of two variables with or without resident&determined statistical significance,we also compared functional outcome at final follow-up.Results:The total number of procedure observed was 402.On observing summarized results of all surgical procedures,faculty surgeons took on an average 33 min lesser(p<0.05)&on an average 37 lesser number of shoots(p<0.05)than resident surgeons.The difference in surgical duration tended to increase with the greater complexity of the surgical dissection.The difference in number of C-arm shoots tended to increase with the increase in surgical duration in closed procedures.In all the five procedures there was no significant difference(p>0.05)in functional outcome of cases performed by faulty surge on and resident.Conclusion:Little data has been previously published regarding the impact of teaching orthopedic resident in operating room.We demonstrate that resident participation increases the procedure time for commonly performed orthopedic procedures and展开更多
Background'.Central arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor that can be readily affected through engagement in physical exercise training,with resistance and aerobic exercise having disparate affects.De...Background'.Central arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor that can be readily affected through engagement in physical exercise training,with resistance and aerobic exercise having disparate affects.Despite the growing popularity of high-intensity cross-training(HICT),little is currently known about the effects of this mixed modality exercise stimulus on arterial stiffness.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to characterize the arterial stiffness of habitual HICT participants vs.aerobically active and sedentary controls using a cross-sectional design.Methods'.A total of 30 participants were recruited:10 middle-aged long-term participants of HICT(CrossFit)and 20 age,sex,and height matched controls(10 recreationally active,10 sedentary).Central and peripheral pulse wave velocities were measured for the carotid-femoral and femoral-dorsalis pedis arterial segments.Aerobic fitness(maximal oxygen uptake,VChmax)was measured and typical exercise participation rates were self-reported for each group.Results'.HICT participants manifested central pulse wave velocity(PWV)(5.3±1.0 m/s,mean±SD)and VChmax(43±6 mL/kg/min)values nearly identical to active controls.Both active groups had significantly better values than sedentary controls(7.1±1.0 m/s,p≤0.001;and 32±7 mL/kg/min,p=0.01).No differences were observed in peripheral PWV between groups.Conclusion'.Habitual participation in HICT exercise was not associated with increased central nor peripheral arterial stiffness.Long-term HICT participants presented with similar fitness and arterial stiffness as compared with participants who practiced traditional aerobic exercise.Compared to sedentary living,HICT may offer musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health benefits without negatively impacting arterial stiffness.展开更多
Strategy training can help learner to become better and independent learners.The four models of language strategy training,namely Pearson and Dole’s model,Oxford et al.’s approach,Chamot and O’Malley’s framework,a...Strategy training can help learner to become better and independent learners.The four models of language strategy training,namely Pearson and Dole’s model,Oxford et al.’s approach,Chamot and O’Malley’s framework,and Cohen’strategies-based instruction(SBI)are discussed and found to have features in common.In the hope of enhancing Chinese adult learners’English learning and helping them become independent and autonomous,the three-stage model is proposed by the writer of the paper.With certain features adopted from the models designed by other researchers,the three-stage strategy training model is suitable to English learners of two-year undergraduate program in continuing education.展开更多
文摘In the new century, the traditional model of enterprise human resource management is facing the challenge of the times, improving the human resource management of enterprises, and must innovate the concept of enterprise human resource management. After the 1950s, some economists established the theory of human capital, not only can more effectively explain the problems of modern social economic growth, but also on the enterprise's human resources management contribution to a positive impact. This paper introduces the concept of human capital and human capital investment into enterprise human resource management, which opens up a new perspective for enterprise human resource management. In this paper, we will first define the characteristics of human capital and the main body of human capital investment, and then analyze the meaning of various human resource management behaviors from the perspective of capital investment, estimate their benefits, costs and risks, and finally use scientific means to establish investment decision model and risk control mechanism, to maximize the effectiveness of human resources, so that the management behavior of enterprise's human can bring more revenue for the enterprises, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. At present, the scientific operation of human resources is the key to the healthy development of enterprises.
文摘In maritime industry, personnel’s training is considered by shipping companies as a top priority matter on the list of factors affecting competitiveness in operating vessels. This paper presents the importance and the effects of training Electro-Technical Experts in the context of latest developments, particularly the advent of the “Electric Ship” and the “Communicative Ship” analyzing the feedback received from several relevant two-days seminars for “Ship Electrical and Electronic Systems for Electro-Technical Officers”, in North East European countries. The pre-test and post-test self assessment method that has been used for more efficient interaction between trainers and trainees is analyzed using t-statistics. The attendees have had diverse basic backgrounds, yet company experts Fleet Engineers on merchant or war ships. The training’s effectiveness and gain is discussed in this paper and further proposals for the Electrical and Electronic training are presented through the valuable feedback for improvement.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were allocated into either the intermittent sprint training group(n = 7)or the plyometric training group(n = 7).The preliminary tests required subjects to perform a treadmill graded exercise test,a countermovement jump test for peak power measurement,and a 10-km time trial.Training included 12 sessions of either intermittent sprint or plyometric training carried out twice per week.On completion of the intervention,post-tests were conducted.Results:Both groups showed significant reduction in weekly training mileage from pre-intervention during the intervention period.There were significant improvements in the 10-km time trial performance and peak power.There was also significant improvement in relative peak power for both groups.The 10-km time trial performance and relative peak power showed a moderate inverse correlation.Conclusion:These findings showed that both intermittent sprint and plyometric training resulted in improved 10-km running performance despite reduction in training mileage.The improvement in running performance was accompanied by an improvement in peak power and showed an inverse relationship with relative peak power.
文摘Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital modality with primarily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for numerous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly steeper learning curve than that for other standard gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy, due to greater technical difficulty and higher risk of complications. Yet, GI fellows have limited exposure to ERCP during standard-three-year-GI-fellowships because ERCP is much less frequently performed than esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy. This led to adding an optional year of training in therapeutic endoscopy. Yet many graduates from standard three-year-fellowships without advanced training intensely pursue independent/unsupervised ERCP privileges despite inadequate numbers of performed ERCPs and unacceptably low rates of successful selective cannulation of desired(biliary or pancreatic) duct. Hospital credentialing committees have traditionally performed ERCP credentialing, but this practice has led to widespread flouting of recommended guidelines(e.g., planned privileging of applicant with 20% successful cannulation rate, or after performing only 7 ERCPs);and intense politicking of committee members by applicants, their practice groups, and potential competitors. Consequently, some gastroenterologists upon completing standard fellowships train and learn ERCP 'on the job' during independent/unsupervised practice, which can result in bad outcomes: high rates of failed bile duct cannulation. This severe clinical problem is indicated by publication of ≥ 12 ERCP competency studies/guidelines during last 5 years. However, lack of mandatory, quantitative, ERCP credentialing criteria has permitted neglect of recommended guidelines. This work comprehensively reviews literature on ERCP credentialing;reviews rationales for proposed guidelines;reports problems with current system;and proposes novel criteria for competency. This work advocates for mandatory, national
文摘Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.
文摘Purpose:In medical colleges,reside nt training programs must provide adequate surgical experiences,making them qualified at the end of residency program.It is generally believed that it would take more time for a surgical resident to perform surgical procedures than a board-certified surgeon.There is no current benchmark w让h regards to operative time and surgical cases involving orthopedic surgery residents.In this study,we focused on two key aspects of surgical training variables,namely,surgical duration&C-arm shoots when the procedure is done by a faculty surgeon in comparison to done by an orthopedic reside nt under supervision of faculty surgeon.Methods:It is an observational prospective study,we observed patients undergoing 1 of 5 common orthopedic trauma operations in a community teaching hospital.We recorded two variables,'skin to'skin surgical duration&number of image intensifier television/C-arm shoots of faculty surgeons and orthopedic resident(postgraduate-3yr)under supervision of faculty surgeon.We calculated mean difference of two variables with or without resident&determined statistical significance,we also compared functional outcome at final follow-up.Results:The total number of procedure observed was 402.On observing summarized results of all surgical procedures,faculty surgeons took on an average 33 min lesser(p<0.05)&on an average 37 lesser number of shoots(p<0.05)than resident surgeons.The difference in surgical duration tended to increase with the greater complexity of the surgical dissection.The difference in number of C-arm shoots tended to increase with the increase in surgical duration in closed procedures.In all the five procedures there was no significant difference(p>0.05)in functional outcome of cases performed by faulty surge on and resident.Conclusion:Little data has been previously published regarding the impact of teaching orthopedic resident in operating room.We demonstrate that resident participation increases the procedure time for commonly performed orthopedic procedures and
基金a Discovery Grant(No.03974)from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada.
文摘Background'.Central arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor that can be readily affected through engagement in physical exercise training,with resistance and aerobic exercise having disparate affects.Despite the growing popularity of high-intensity cross-training(HICT),little is currently known about the effects of this mixed modality exercise stimulus on arterial stiffness.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to characterize the arterial stiffness of habitual HICT participants vs.aerobically active and sedentary controls using a cross-sectional design.Methods'.A total of 30 participants were recruited:10 middle-aged long-term participants of HICT(CrossFit)and 20 age,sex,and height matched controls(10 recreationally active,10 sedentary).Central and peripheral pulse wave velocities were measured for the carotid-femoral and femoral-dorsalis pedis arterial segments.Aerobic fitness(maximal oxygen uptake,VChmax)was measured and typical exercise participation rates were self-reported for each group.Results'.HICT participants manifested central pulse wave velocity(PWV)(5.3±1.0 m/s,mean±SD)and VChmax(43±6 mL/kg/min)values nearly identical to active controls.Both active groups had significantly better values than sedentary controls(7.1±1.0 m/s,p≤0.001;and 32±7 mL/kg/min,p=0.01).No differences were observed in peripheral PWV between groups.Conclusion'.Habitual participation in HICT exercise was not associated with increased central nor peripheral arterial stiffness.Long-term HICT participants presented with similar fitness and arterial stiffness as compared with participants who practiced traditional aerobic exercise.Compared to sedentary living,HICT may offer musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health benefits without negatively impacting arterial stiffness.
文摘Strategy training can help learner to become better and independent learners.The four models of language strategy training,namely Pearson and Dole’s model,Oxford et al.’s approach,Chamot and O’Malley’s framework,and Cohen’strategies-based instruction(SBI)are discussed and found to have features in common.In the hope of enhancing Chinese adult learners’English learning and helping them become independent and autonomous,the three-stage model is proposed by the writer of the paper.With certain features adopted from the models designed by other researchers,the three-stage strategy training model is suitable to English learners of two-year undergraduate program in continuing education.