Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipop...Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipoprotein E gene knockout(ApoE-/-) mice. Methods: Thirty-six ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet starting at the age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table including model group, hawthorn extract group, and simvastatin group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a basic diet and served as control. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.2 mL saline daily, the mice in the hawthorn extract and simvastatin groups were administered with 50 mg/kg hawthorn extract or 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, plasma lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined by an enzymatic assay. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), adiponectin(APN), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the aorta were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR), respectively. Results: Compared to the control group, the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased and HDL-C were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract significantly decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the plasma level of HDL-C in ApoE-/-mice(P<0.01). The levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP in the model group were significantly increased and APN was significantly decreased compared with the control group(展开更多
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and ...Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan(Liver) and invigorating Pi(Spleen) recipes on this pathway. Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table(n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder(柴胡疏肝散, CHSG) group(3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group(9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散, SLBZ) group(10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ(30 g/kg) group, and low-and highdose integrated recipe(L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05 or P<0.01), whi展开更多
Inflammation, which plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, may be a new target for treatment of coronary artery disease(CAD) to reduce residual cardiovascular risk....Inflammation, which plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, may be a new target for treatment of coronary artery disease(CAD) to reduce residual cardiovascular risk. Recently, Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease(CANTOS), the largest scale clinical trial that targeted inflammation but not lipids, has affirmed for the first time the inflammatory hypothesis of artherosclerosis and marked the advent of an exciting era of targeting inflammation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chinese medicine(CM) is a promising adjuvant therapy for CAD in light of its safety and pleiotropic effect of anti-inflammation, anti-platelet, lipid-regulating, endothelium-protection, microcirculation-improving, etc. In recent years, exploration of anti-inflammatory treatment of CAD with CM has been going on from theory to practice. Taking CANTOS as an example, the design strategy to combine CM and Western medicine to inhibit inflammation were discussed in this paper, which might provide a new perspective for CM intervention on CAD.展开更多
Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury,there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage.This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation,cell ...Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury,there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage.This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation,cell death and nociception,and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia can affect functional recovery.The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries.This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches.Where possible the experimental model,specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81573821)General Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2016M600176)Special Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2017-T100147).
文摘Objective: To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipoprotein E gene knockout(ApoE-/-) mice. Methods: Thirty-six ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet starting at the age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table including model group, hawthorn extract group, and simvastatin group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a basic diet and served as control. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.2 mL saline daily, the mice in the hawthorn extract and simvastatin groups were administered with 50 mg/kg hawthorn extract or 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, plasma lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined by an enzymatic assay. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), adiponectin(APN), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the aorta were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qR T-PCR), respectively. Results: Compared to the control group, the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased and HDL-C were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract significantly decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the plasma level of HDL-C in ApoE-/-mice(P<0.01). The levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, and hs-CRP in the model group were significantly increased and APN was significantly decreased compared with the control group(
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30973694).
文摘Objective: To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory-mediated toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) pathway in Kupffer cells(KCs) of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) rats and the intervention effect of soothing Gan(Liver) and invigorating Pi(Spleen) recipes on this pathway. Methods: After 1 week of acclimatization, 120 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups using a random number table(n=15 per group): normal group, model group, low-dose Chaihu Shugan Powder(柴胡疏肝散, CHSG) group(3.2 g/kg), high-dose CHSG group(9.6 g/kg), low-dose Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散, SLBZ) group(10 g/kg), high-dose SLBZ(30 g/kg) group, and low-and highdose integrated recipe(L-IR, H-IR) groups. All rats in the model and treatment groups were fed with a high-fat diet(HFD). The treatments were administrated by gastrogavage once daily and lasted for 26 weeks. The liver tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining. Levels of liver lipids, serum lipids and transaminases were measured. KCs were isolated from the livers of rats to evaluate the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p38 MAPK by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and proteins expressions of TLR4, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK by Western blot. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 in KCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After 26 weeks of HFD feeding, HE and oil red O staining showed that the NASH model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenesis and histopathological features. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as TC and TG levels in liver tissues, and significant decrease in serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P<0.05 or P<0.01), whi
基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No.Z151100004015090) .
文摘Inflammation, which plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, may be a new target for treatment of coronary artery disease(CAD) to reduce residual cardiovascular risk. Recently, Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease(CANTOS), the largest scale clinical trial that targeted inflammation but not lipids, has affirmed for the first time the inflammatory hypothesis of artherosclerosis and marked the advent of an exciting era of targeting inflammation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chinese medicine(CM) is a promising adjuvant therapy for CAD in light of its safety and pleiotropic effect of anti-inflammation, anti-platelet, lipid-regulating, endothelium-protection, microcirculation-improving, etc. In recent years, exploration of anti-inflammatory treatment of CAD with CM has been going on from theory to practice. Taking CANTOS as an example, the design strategy to combine CM and Western medicine to inhibit inflammation were discussed in this paper, which might provide a new perspective for CM intervention on CAD.
基金the Hargreaves and Ball Trust,the National Institute for Health Research(II-LA-0313-20003)(to AJR)the Rosetrees Trust,the Academy of Medical Sciencesthe Manchester Regenerative Medicine Network(MaRMN)(to AF and AJR),Progetto Eccellenza from the Italian Ministry of Research(to VM).
文摘Subsequent to a peripheral nerve injury,there are changes in gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia in response to the damage.This review selects factors which are well-known to be vital for inflammation,cell death and nociception,and highlights how alterations in their gene expression within the dorsal root ganglia can affect functional recovery.The majority of studies used polymerase chain reaction within animal models to analyse the dynamic changes following peripheral nerve injuries.This review aims to highlight the factors at the gene expression level that impede functional recovery and are hence are potential targets for therapeutic approaches.Where possible the experimental model,specific time-points and cellular location of expression levels are reported.
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