The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages on the Nanji Island in the East China Sea, are documented at the first time to construct a quantitative overview of the cyst bank from 2014 to 2015. Thirty-four morphotypes from six...The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages on the Nanji Island in the East China Sea, are documented at the first time to construct a quantitative overview of the cyst bank from 2014 to 2015. Thirty-four morphotypes from six groups are identified and quantified at eight sampling sites around the island, including a high proportion of potentially toxigenic species (14%). Autotrophic dinocysts constitute 74% of the total cyst counts, which is relatively low (two to thirty-three per millilitre sediment) compared with previous studies in adjacent areas. Scrippsiella trochoidea and Protoperidinium avellana are the most abundant autotrophic and heterotrophic species, respectively. A multivariate analysis is performed to assess associations between dinocysts and abiotic or biotic variables. Differentiation among seasons is evident in the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination plot, while a spatial pattern is not clearly revealed despite heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions between sampling sites. Soluble reactive phosphate, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus concentrations and Karenia mikimotoi bloom are the three factors significantly (P<0.05) related to surface sediment cyst assemblage defined by the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), highlighting the importance of nutrient regime to a dinocyst distribution in this area. Although attempts to address the origin of HAB events in recent years using seed banks have failed, knowledge can be valuable for further investigation of dinocyst dynamics and potential toxin threats on the Nanji Island.展开更多
对经过不同时间(20、30、40、50 min)射频预处理后的杏果进行热风干燥,测定干燥过程中杏果水分含量、营养成分变化和最终干制品营养成分含量,建立了杏果热风干燥动力学模型(Page模型、Herdenson and Pabis模型和Lemus模型)。结果表明,...对经过不同时间(20、30、40、50 min)射频预处理后的杏果进行热风干燥,测定干燥过程中杏果水分含量、营养成分变化和最终干制品营养成分含量,建立了杏果热风干燥动力学模型(Page模型、Herdenson and Pabis模型和Lemus模型)。结果表明,射频预处理可提高杏果热风干燥速率,根据不同模型下的拟合系数(R^2)、卡方值(χ^2)与均方根误差(RMSE)相比较可知,Herdenson and Pabis模型拟合度最高;经射频预处理,热风干燥后杏果的黄酮、多酚、维生素C的含量均比鲜果的含量有所增加。其中射频预处理30 min的杏果其营养含量增加最大,其中,维生素C、黄酮和多酚含量分别增加了0.172 6、4.501 4和6.244 9 mg/100g。研究证明,射频处理可提高果蔬物料干燥速率,且有利于营养成分溶出或提取。展开更多
Bamboos are used extensively for a variety of purposes,and many new species have been introduced to the northwestern Himalaya.However,their potential as a fodder species has not been investigated.Six bamboo species,na...Bamboos are used extensively for a variety of purposes,and many new species have been introduced to the northwestern Himalaya.However,their potential as a fodder species has not been investigated.Six bamboo species,namely Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gamble,Dendrocalamus asper(Schult.and Schult.f.)Backer ex K.Heyne,Melocanna baccifera(Roxb.)Kurz,Phyllostachys aurea Rivie′re and C.Rivie′re,Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb and Zucc.and Phyllostachys pubescens(Pradelle)Mazel ex J.Houz.were evaluated for their nutritional value,relative palatability and best lopping time.Dry matter(DM),ether extract(EE),and crude fibre varied from(37.0-67.7)%,(4.7-7.6),and(22.1-37.9)%,respectively.Values of crude protein ranged from(12.2-17.1)%,total ash(TA)from(11.8-21.5)%,acid insoluble ash(AIA)from(0.3-0.5)%,nitrogen free extract from(31.1-40.8)%,carbohydrates from(57.0-69.0)%,organic matter(OM)from(78.5-88.2)%,calcium from(1.7-2.3)%,phosphorus from(0.4-0.8)%,potassium from,(0.9-1.6)%,magnesium from(0.5-0.9)%,sodium from(603.7-1072.7)×10^-6 and vitamin A from(21.1-30.5)×10^-2 mg/g,respectively.D.hamiltonii had maximum values for DM,EE,TA and AIA.OM and vitamin A were highest in M.baccifera.CF and carbohydrates were maximized in P.aurea and CP in P.pubescens.All the values obtained for different bamboo species were less than maximum tolerable concentration of common feed resources of the region thereby indicating their suitability for nutrition and palatability.The contents of anti-nutritional factors,namely hydrocyanic acid and tannin ranged from(33.8-61.7)×10^-2 mg/g and(0.7-1.9)%,respectively.P.pubescens was the best species from a palatability point of view and has maximum crude protein content(17.2%),Ca(2.3%)and lowest tannin content(0.7%).The relative palatability of introduced bamboo species followed trend:P.pubescens(97.6%)[D.hamiltonii(92.5%)[P.bambusoides(81.2%)[D.asper(76.9%)[M.baccifera(75.9%)[P.aurea(73.4%).The optimum months for lopping these species for green leaves are November and December,as the nutritional value展开更多
基金The Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Research and Social Development Project of 2013 of China under contract Nos 2013C33081 and 2013C32040the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41306095the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China under contract No. J20130101.
文摘The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages on the Nanji Island in the East China Sea, are documented at the first time to construct a quantitative overview of the cyst bank from 2014 to 2015. Thirty-four morphotypes from six groups are identified and quantified at eight sampling sites around the island, including a high proportion of potentially toxigenic species (14%). Autotrophic dinocysts constitute 74% of the total cyst counts, which is relatively low (two to thirty-three per millilitre sediment) compared with previous studies in adjacent areas. Scrippsiella trochoidea and Protoperidinium avellana are the most abundant autotrophic and heterotrophic species, respectively. A multivariate analysis is performed to assess associations between dinocysts and abiotic or biotic variables. Differentiation among seasons is evident in the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination plot, while a spatial pattern is not clearly revealed despite heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic conditions between sampling sites. Soluble reactive phosphate, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus concentrations and Karenia mikimotoi bloom are the three factors significantly (P<0.05) related to surface sediment cyst assemblage defined by the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), highlighting the importance of nutrient regime to a dinocyst distribution in this area. Although attempts to address the origin of HAB events in recent years using seed banks have failed, knowledge can be valuable for further investigation of dinocyst dynamics and potential toxin threats on the Nanji Island.
基金This study is supported by project from Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry,Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,Solan,173 230,India.
文摘Bamboos are used extensively for a variety of purposes,and many new species have been introduced to the northwestern Himalaya.However,their potential as a fodder species has not been investigated.Six bamboo species,namely Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gamble,Dendrocalamus asper(Schult.and Schult.f.)Backer ex K.Heyne,Melocanna baccifera(Roxb.)Kurz,Phyllostachys aurea Rivie′re and C.Rivie′re,Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb and Zucc.and Phyllostachys pubescens(Pradelle)Mazel ex J.Houz.were evaluated for their nutritional value,relative palatability and best lopping time.Dry matter(DM),ether extract(EE),and crude fibre varied from(37.0-67.7)%,(4.7-7.6),and(22.1-37.9)%,respectively.Values of crude protein ranged from(12.2-17.1)%,total ash(TA)from(11.8-21.5)%,acid insoluble ash(AIA)from(0.3-0.5)%,nitrogen free extract from(31.1-40.8)%,carbohydrates from(57.0-69.0)%,organic matter(OM)from(78.5-88.2)%,calcium from(1.7-2.3)%,phosphorus from(0.4-0.8)%,potassium from,(0.9-1.6)%,magnesium from(0.5-0.9)%,sodium from(603.7-1072.7)×10^-6 and vitamin A from(21.1-30.5)×10^-2 mg/g,respectively.D.hamiltonii had maximum values for DM,EE,TA and AIA.OM and vitamin A were highest in M.baccifera.CF and carbohydrates were maximized in P.aurea and CP in P.pubescens.All the values obtained for different bamboo species were less than maximum tolerable concentration of common feed resources of the region thereby indicating their suitability for nutrition and palatability.The contents of anti-nutritional factors,namely hydrocyanic acid and tannin ranged from(33.8-61.7)×10^-2 mg/g and(0.7-1.9)%,respectively.P.pubescens was the best species from a palatability point of view and has maximum crude protein content(17.2%),Ca(2.3%)and lowest tannin content(0.7%).The relative palatability of introduced bamboo species followed trend:P.pubescens(97.6%)[D.hamiltonii(92.5%)[P.bambusoides(81.2%)[D.asper(76.9%)[M.baccifera(75.9%)[P.aurea(73.4%).The optimum months for lopping these species for green leaves are November and December,as the nutritional value